Skin irritations

Dermatitis

Dermatitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the skin, regardless of its origin. In fact, the causes are numerous and often involve multiple factors.

There are two types of dermatitis:

Irritant contact dermatitis
Allergic contact dermatitis

The visible consequences are usually inflammation with erythema, tightness, itching and peeling.

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Irritant contact dermatitis

Irritant dermatitis is linked to a non-immunological inflammatory reaction caused by one-time or repeated skin contact with an irritating agent.

It occurs within hours of contact with the agent and disappears if contact with the irritant is not repeated.

Lesions vary in appearance, from simple redness to the formation of blisters, accompanied by tingling or burning sensations.

The lesion extends little or not at all beyond the area of contact with the irritant.

Irritant dermatitis has a variety of causes:

Mechanical
Chemical
Climatic
Infectious (bacterial or fungal in origin)

Mechanical irritant contact dermatitis

Dermatitis due to occlusion or repeated, prolonged rubbing with an irritant.

Diaper rash

Irritant erythematous dermatitis of the buttocks and thighs due to prolonged contact with particularly irritating urine and feces, or simply as a result of friction and/or occlusion with synthetic diaper fibers, leading to maceration and the deterioration of the barrier function.

Climatic irritant contact dermatitis

Dermatitis due to an aggressive climatic environment and/or temperature variations.

Chapping and cracking

Caused by dehydration, these small cracks affect the hands, face, lips and parts of the body most exposed to the weather.

Chemical irritant contact dermatitis

Dermatitis caused by the one-time or repeated application of a chemical substance to the same area of skin, such as detergents, cleaning products, metals (nickel, etc.), organic solvents and certain surfactants in cosmetics.

Irritant hand dermatitis

Very common in the workplace.

Infectious irritant contact dermatitis

They come from:

Bacterial, caused by streptococcus and/or staphylococcus.

Impetigo
Folliculitis

Fungal

Intertrigo

Parasitic caused by Sarcoptes scabiei hominis

Scabies in babies

Multifactorial irritant contact dermatitis

Dermatitis caused by exposure to numerous factors that act in synergy.

Perioral dermatitis
Angular cheilitis, prurigo, vulvitis
Palmar dyshidrosis

Allergic contact dermatitis

Allergic contact dermatitis is linked to an allergic inflammatory reaction due to cellular immunological hypersensitivity to an exogenous substance (which becomes an allergen).

Following direct application or airborne transmission of an exogenous agent:

This agent acts as a hapten, which transforms into an allergen in the epidermis after coupling with a protein
Triggering a hypersensitivity reaction with a delayed cellular response

This type of dermatitis is more common in adults, and occurs after a latency period of a few days to a few years between the time of first exposure to the allergenic product and the time of re-exposure which induces eczema.

Patch tests or prick tests detect allergens.